Strategic Planning in Education: Some Concepts and Steps

تم النشر بتاريخ 03-11-2021

In the context of national education development, the term of strategic planning is increasingly referred to. First, one may wish to plan and carry out all the activities deemed needed, but without achieving the ultimate goals. Furthermore, more resources do not necessarily stand for the best results. The way one uses these resources can lead to a different level of benefits. Thirdly, it has become more and more difficult to plan everything one would wish to do. One ought to make choices, often tough ones, through a balanced decision-making, trade-offs across the system and consensus building process. There are a variety of approaches to carry out strategic planning. One cannot say that there is a “single perfect way” to conduct it. Each institution has its own particular interpretation of the approaches and activities in strategic management. However, what is generic to strategic planning and management are certain typical stages involving similar activities carried out in a similar sequence. Any management involves four basic stages: analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation. In the education sector, the management operations related to “upstream”, planning work consist of: (i) system analysis; (ii) policy formulation; (iii) action planning. Sector analysis consists of conducting data collection on and critical analysis of the aspects relating to the education sector. Planners carefully review how the system functions (internal dynamics) and examine various contextual, determining factors (the environment of which education is a part), e.g. macro-economic and socio-demographic situations and developments. Policy and strategy formulation: Careful (and critical) analysis of the educational system undertaken during the sector analysis leads to questions about what the education sector must do in order to address the major issues, challenges and opportunities. These questions include what overall results (strategic goals) the system should achieve and the overall methods (or strategies) to implement policies designed to bring about such objectives. Action planning is a process whereby one translates the policy statements (options and strategies) into executable, measurable and accountable actions.

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